Global Education Journal (GEJ) (P-ISSN: 2987-5218|& E-ISSN 2986-6529) is a blind peer-reviewed journal published by Civiliza Publishing, Indonesia. This journal publishes research articles, conceptual articles, field study reports and book reviews on all scopes of education (See Focus and Scope). This journal article is published four times a year; 3 issues per year (March, July, and October). The Global Education Journal is The RISTEKBRIN Accredited National Scientific Journal Rank 5 (SINTA 5).
The Values of Tolerance Education in Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 256 and Its Implications for Interfaith Harmony
The Qur'an was given to Muslims to be read and comprehended. Reading and understanding the Qur'an yields diverse understandings according to each individual's abilities. Muslims' understanding of the Qur'an will also give rise to diverse behaviors as interpretations of the Qur'an in the practice of life, both on the theological, philosophical, psychological, and cultural levels. This study aims to examine the role of the Bangkalan Regency Interfaith Harmony Forum (FKUB) in fostering values ​​of tolerance in society. The research method used is thematic interpretation with field research. The results of the study indicate that, first, the verses on interfaith harmony indicate that what God has determined regarding the essence of glory is the most appropriate, not what is fought over by many people because God is All-Knowing and All-Aware. Thus, humans should pay attention to what is ordered by the Creator of mankind, who is All-Knowing and knows them, as well as their welfare. Second, in Bangkalan Regency, verses on tolerance, or in the author's terminology, verses on interfaith harmony, have been well implemented. This is evident in the harmony of the Bangkalan community towards groups of different faiths.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdur Rahman, Islamiyah Islamiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Religious Education Learning Strategy
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a strategic role in shaping students' character to become faithful, pious, and morally upright individuals. However, in practice, PAI learning still faces various challenges, such as the dominance of conventional teaching methods, low student participation, and a lack of innovation in the use of instructional strategies. This study aims to analyze effective PAI learning strategies, including approaches, models, methods, and their implementation in improving the quality of learning in the modern era. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing on books, scientific journals, and other relevant references. The findings indicate that effective PAI learning strategies must integrate contextual, humanistic, and spiritual approaches, and be supported by active learning models such as cooperative learning, problem-based learning, and inquiry learning. In addition, the utilization of educational technology is a crucial factor in enhancing learning effectiveness. In conclusion, the success of PAI learning is highly dependent on teachers' creativity in designing innovative, adaptive, and relevant strategies in accordance with contemporary developments
Copyright (c) 2026 Etika Pujianti, Latifatul Mutoharoh, Binti Wahidatussa'diyah, Maya Sari, Siti Padilah, Rizki Maulana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Metode Jigsaw dalam Mengatasi Kepasifan Siswa pada Pembelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Building (Budi Pekerti) learning is often teacher-centered, resulting in students being less active, lacking in confidence, and not optimally engaged. This study aims to describe how the jigsaw method is implemented to address student passivity in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Building (Budi Pekerti) learning at SMPN 235 Jakarta. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Primary data sources were obtained from Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers and students at SMPN 235 Jakarta, while secondary data sources came from books, journals, school documents, and other supporting documentation. Data collection techniques and procedures were carried out through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate that (1) Implementing the jigsaw method in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Building (Budi Pekerti) learning can reduce student passivity and improve the quality of learning. (2) This method can make students more active, confident, and easier to understand the material through group discussions and collaboration. Learning also becomes more interesting and participatory. (3) The success of this method is supported by the active role of teachers, student enthusiasm, and a conducive learning environment, while the obstacles that arise include time constraints, differences in student character, and management of group discussions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fajriani, Sa’diyah Sa’diyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Effectiveness of Using Electric Shuttle Buses as Transportation within the Campus Environment
The advancement of technology for electric vehicles has stimulated the adoption of eco-friendly transport systems across multiple fields, including universities. The rising mobility activities across campus regions frequently result in traffic jams, increased fuel usage, and environmental degradation. As a result, various academic institutions have started to introduce electric shuttle buses as a viable internal transport option to promote sustainable transportation. The purpose of this research was to evaluate how effective the use of electric shuttle buses is in enhancing transportation efficiency on campus. A quantitative methodology utilizing an associative approach was adopted. Information was gathered via surveys sent to 80 users of the electric shuttle bus service at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). The tools for research underwent validity and reliability assessments, while the analysis of data included tests for normality, simple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the determination of the coefficient (R²) using IBM SPSS software. The findings revealed that all items in the questionnaire were both valid and reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha scores of 0.890 for Variable X and 0.830 for Variable Y. Regression analysis showed a positive connection between the use of electric shuttle buses and the effectiveness of transportation, with an R Square figure of 0.124, indicating that the usage of electric shuttle buses accounted for 12.4% of the transportation effectiveness on the campus. The results of the F-test indicated that the regression framework was statistically significant, while the t-test showed that the independent variable did not have a considerable individual impact. In summary, electric shuttle buses can effectively aid in developing eco-friendly and sustainable transportation systems on campuses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Azis, Mahesa Jihadul Akbar Haryadi, Wahid Munawar, Sriyono Sriyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Islam dalam Praktik Ritual untuk Membentuk Karakter Siswa
Internalization of Islamic values ​​through ritual practice in elementary schools is an important strategy in shaping students' character sustainably. This study aims to analyze four main aspects, namely the transformation, transaction, and transinternalization stages of Islamic values ​​in ritual practice, as well as the results of this internalization on the formation of student character at Al-Ummah Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Ciputat, South Tangerang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that aims to deeply understand the phenomenon of internalization of Islamic values ​​through religious activities in schools. Data analysis was carried out using the Milles and Huberman interactive model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that 1) The value transformation stage, providing verbal understanding of the meaning of worship. 2) The value transaction stage, two-way interaction through worship practices and direct guidance. 3) The value transinternalization stage, teacher role models and behavioral consistency until the values ​​are integrated within the students. 4) The results of internalization are seen in the formation of religious character, increased discipline and responsibility, the development of noble morals, and the growth of social awareness and positive behavior in students' daily lives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Mulyani Maisaro, Sa’diyah Sa’diyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Touching Allah in Ahmadiyah at the Mubarak Glugur Darat I Mosque, East Medan District, Medan City
Tawheed occupies a fundamental position in the construction of Islamic teachings because it is the main basis for the relationship between humans, beliefs, and religious authorities, but the dynamics of the development of modern religious movements have given birth to various theological interpretations that give rise to contestation in the midst of Islamic orthodoxy, including in the Ahmadiyya community. This paper aims to analyze the construction of the concept of appreciating Allah in the Ahmadiyya understanding in the Mubarak Glugur Darat I Mosque, East Medan District, Medan City, the basis of the theological interpretation used, the manifestation of the teachings in the religious practice of the congregation, as well as the forms of theological contestation that arise in their relationship with the surrounding Muslim community. This study uses a qualitative method with phenomenological and social theology approaches. Data was obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with administrators and worshippers, and documentation, then analyzed interpretively. The findings show that the Ahmadiyya monotheistic construction is built through an emphasis on the oneness of Allah which is understood normatively through the Qur'an, hadith, and the internal authority of the congregation's interpretation, with an orientation on the purification of worship, spiritual loyalty, and the moral discipline of the congregation. This pattern of interpretation shows a reinterpretation of the concept of prophethood, the authority of revelation, and the position of spiritual leaders which are the main points of difference with the mainstream of Islam. In religious practice, the congregation displays a religious pattern that is structured, exclusive in internal coaching, but adaptive in social relations. On the other hand, the theological construction presents multi-layered dynamics of legitimacy and rejection, ranging from the stigma of deviation from the faith, the restriction of the space for religious expression, to the negotiation of Islamic identity in the local public space.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwandi Mikail Siagian, Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen, Heru Syahputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Angklung Bina Nusantara Application in Improving the Musicality of Students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program
Students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program often have diverse musical backgrounds, and many of them have limited experience in playing musical instruments. The limited availability of traditional musical instruments, such as the angklung, increases the barriers to students' independent practice. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Bina Nusantara Angklung implementation in improving the musical abilities of students in the Elementary Madrasah Teacher Education Study Program. The research approach used is quantitative research with a pre-experimental design, conducting a pretest-posttest. The participants were of students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program who took the Cultural Arts course in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through performance observation sheets based on three musicality indicators: pitch accuracy, rhythmic accuracy, and group harmonization. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test. The findings show that the use of the Angklung Bina Nusantara application improved students’ musicality skills. Before the course, 63% of students had low musical ability. After the course using the app, 83% of students had good or excellent musical ability. Furthermore, the app encouraged independent practice, increased self-confidence, and supported collaborative learning. These findings suggest that the Angklung Bina Nusantara app can be used as an effective digital learning tool to improve students' musical abilities while supporting the preservation of traditional music in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Indrawan, Nur Isnaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of the Paradigm of Islamic Religious Education Learning Based on the Qur'an and Hadith: An Integrative, Contextual, and Transformative Approach
This study aims to construct a conceptual framework for Islamic Religious Education learning based on the Qur'an and Hadith in an integrative and contextual manner, emphasizing the interconnectedness of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor dimensions in facing moral challenges in the contemporary era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to examine the foundations of the Qur'an and Hadith in Islamic Religious Education learning and their relevance to contemporary pedagogy. The primary data are verses of the Qur'an and Hadith, supported by relevant scientific literature. Data collection is carried out through documentation and systematic literature searches. Analysis uses content analysis with a thematic approach through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity is maintained through source triangulation and a hermeneutic approach to produce contextual and comprehensive meaning. The results of this study indicate that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning based on the Qur'an and Hadith requires an integrative, contextual, and transformative paradigm reconstruction. Pedagogical principles such as wisdom, role models, dialogue, and habituation demonstrate that Islamic teachings are not merely normative but also methodological. The integration of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains emphasizes the importance of holistic personality development. Furthermore, a shift from a textual to a contextual-reflective approach is necessary for more relevant and meaningful learning. Thus, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has the potential to become an adaptive, humanistic educational model capable of shaping students' character holistically and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Etika Pujianti, Arifah Feby Auliya, Fakhru Rozi, Ahmad Tarmizi, Riska Puspitasari, Lisa Kurniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Lecturer Servant Leadership, Trust in Lecturers, and Learning Motivation on the Academic Satisfaction of MPI Students at IAIN Takengon
This study aims to analyze the influence of Lecturer Servant Leadership, Trust in Lecturer, and Learning Motivation on the Academic Satisfaction of students in the Islamic Education Management (MPI) Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah, IAIN Takengon. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research sample consisted of 84 students determined using proportional random sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires using a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination with the assistance of SPSS. The results of the study indicate that partially, Lecturer Servant Leadership does not have a significant effect on students' academic satisfaction, with a significance value of 0.545 > 0.05. Meanwhile, Trust in Lecturer has a positive and significant effect on academic satisfaction, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The Learning Motivation variable also has a positive and significant effect on academic satisfaction, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, and is the most dominant variable. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect students' academic satisfaction, with an F value of 183.613 and a contribution effect of 87.3%. This study emphasizes the importance of building students' trust in lecturers and increasing learning motivation to improve students' academic satisfaction in Islamic higher education institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Didi Sartika, Ifnaldi Ifnaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Learning Outcomes of Pancasila Education Using Cooperative Learning in SMPN 4 Students of Probolinggo City
Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) plays an important role in shaping character, understanding of national values, and students' awareness of democracy. However, the learning outcomes of PPKn at SMPN 4 Probolinggo City still show low achievements, with many students not yet reaching the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). This research aims to improve PPKn learning outcomes through the application of the Cooperative Active Learning (CAL) model. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach by collecting data through observation, questionnaires, and documentation in grade VIII students. The CAL model emphasizes cooperative learning activities in small groups through group discussions, problem-solving, and evaluations so that students play an active role both cognitively and socially. The results of the data analysis showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the CAL model compared to before the implementation, both in terms of material understanding and social skills. In addition, students are more motivated, actively discuss, and able to apply PPKn material in the context of daily life. Thus, the Cooperative Active Learning model has proven to be effective in improving PPKn learning outcomes while fostering collaboration skills, individual responsibility, and active participation of students. This research is expected to be a practical reference for teachers in choosing innovative learning strategies to improve the quality of PPKn education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahira Cahyadika Lisyanti, Sudirman Sudirman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning with a Deep Learning Approach to Improve Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
This study is situated within the context of the increasing need to develop students’ critical thinking skills as part of 21st-century competencies, particularly in elementary education where meaningful and active learning is essential. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with a Deep Learning approach in improving students’ critical thinking skills in IPAS (Integrated Natural and Social Sciences) learning. This study employed a quantitative approach using Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were fourth-grade students of SDN 1 Blang Mangat. Data were collected through observation and written tests based on critical thinking indicators, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, as indicated by the increase in learning mastery from 60% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. In addition, students demonstrated higher engagement, active participation in discussions, and improved ability to analyze and solve contextual problems. These findings suggest that the integration of PBL with a Deep Learning approach not only enhances students’ critical thinking skills but also promotes meaningful and student-centered learning. Therefore, this approach can be considered an effective instructional strategy for improving the quality of learning in elementary schools, particularly in fostering higher-order thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Munira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Ethnoscience: AR/VR Media Shaping Chemistry Learning in Indonesia
Chemistry learning still faces challenges due to the abstract nature of its concepts, particularly at the submicroscopic level, as well as the limited connection between subject matter and students’ everyday life contexts. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), on the other hand, offer interactive visualizations that can help students understand chemical concepts more concretely, while ethnoscience provides cultural context and local wisdom that make learning more meaningful. This article aims to analyze the trends, characteristics, and future directions of ethnoscience‑based AR/VR media in chemistry learning in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. The findings indicate that AR is more widely used than VR, especially for topics that require spatial visualization such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, molecular shapes, and virtual laboratories. Research on ethnoscience in chemistry education has also grown rapidly, particularly in improving chemical literacy and promoting contextual learning. However, the direct integration of ethnoscience‑based AR/VR remains limited. These findings highlight that the future development of chemistry learning media needs to balance technological aspects, conceptual accuracy, cultural relevance, and readiness for classroom implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Lestari Paembonan, Varisky Abraham Dumanaw https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Four Pillars of Nationality in the Formation of the Character of Students
Character education is a strategic issue in the development of the Indonesian nation amidst the currents of globalization, the development of digital technology, and increasingly complex social changes. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Four National Pillars in shaping students' character, analyze the strategies for internalizing national values, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in their implementation at Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung South Lampung in 2025. This study employed a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research informants consisted of the Islamic boarding school leaders, Islamic teachers, student organization administrators, and students. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results showed that the implementation of the Four National Pillars was carried out through learning activities, habituation, role modeling, student organizations, social activities, and daily pesantren culture, which successfully formed religious, disciplined, tolerant, responsible, patriotic, and unity-oriented characters among students. The study concludes that the implementation of the Four National Pillars in Islamic boarding schools plays a significant role in shaping students into religious, nationalistic, moderate, and morally upright individuals through the integration of national values ​​into all educational and daily life activities within the Islamic boarding school environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahsena Lutfi Afifah, Endang Ekowati, Tamyis Tamyis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of a Persuasive Approach in Fostering Self-Awareness and Discipline of Male Students
Islamic boarding schools are Islamic educational institutions that play a strategic role in shaping the character, morals, and personality of students as a whole. This study aims to describe the implementation of a persuasive approach in fostering self-awareness and discipline among male students at Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung South Lampung, analyze the forms of persuasive approaches applied, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in the student development process. This study employed a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of the boarding school caretaker, Islamic teachers, administrators, and male students. Data analysis used the Miles, Huberman, including data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results showed that the implementation of the persuasive approach was carried out through interpersonal communication, advice, motivation, role modeling, habituation, and emotional approaches that were continuously applied in the students' daily lives. This approach was able to improve students' self-awareness, responsibility, and discipline, making them more aware of carrying out their obligations and obeying boarding school regulations. The conclusion of this study indicates that the persuasive approach is effective in fostering self-awareness and discipline among male students because it is able to create behavioral changes that originate from students' internal awareness in a humane and sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alvina Alvina, Endang Ekowati, Tamyis Tamyis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Students’ Mastery of Noun Phrases Through The 3-Dimensional Grammar Framework
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of implementing the 3- Dimensional Grammar Framework in improving students’ maastery of noun phrases in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. The research was conducted at SMAN 5 Ambon using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle included the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants of this study were 36 eleventh-grade students selected purposively. Research instruments included tests (pre-test and post-test), observation, and questionnaire. In conclusion, the systematic implementation of the 3D Grammar Framework in grammar instruction successfully enhanced students’ mastery to use noun phrases effectively. This approach is recommended as an alternative strategy in grammar teaching within EFL classrooms, as it emphasizes form, meaning, and contextual use in an integrated manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendrik Jacob Maruanaya, Henry Latuheru, Dian Natalia Usmany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Management of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure: Efforts to Optimize the Learning Process at MA Nurul Fattah Lampung
This research is motivated by the problem of the gap between infrastructure standard regulation and managerial practices in the field. At MA Nurul Fattah Lampung, facility management is still reactive and the inventory has not been digitized, so it often creates administrative obstacles that have the potential to reduce the quality of learning. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the practice of facilities and infrastructure governance in order to realize the optimization of a quality learning process. The method used was qualitative descriptive, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews with seven key informants, and documentation studies. The results of the study found that empirically, well-maintained physical infrastructure transforms into a "living catalyst" that successfully increases teacher motivation and triggers pedagogical innovation in the classroom. However, the managerial implementation is still fragmented and the absence of standard Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) often delays the achievement of curriculum targets. As a concrete recommendation, madrassas must immediately formulate and implement SOPs for infrastructure governance that are structured, proactive, and digitalized. This step is essential to prevent asset degradation, minimize inefficiencies, and ensure the sustainability of institutional excellence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Irawan, Mela Apristianti, Lutfiatul Hidayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Students' Creativity and Learning Interest in the History of the Indonesian National Movement Course
Learning creativity is one of the important things in a learning process. Because, learning creativity can train students not to depend on others. This research aims to fully and thoroughly describe the creativity and learning interests of students in the Indonesian National Movement History course for the odd semester 2025/2026. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research techniques used are direct communication, indirect communication and documentation. Research Tools, Observation Guides, Interview Guides, and Learning Documents. The results of the research include 1) The creativity of students in rural and urban history courses in general is quite good, as seen from students who have shown a creative attitude. 2) Factors that can affect student learning creativity are the encouragement of the students themselves and the encouragement of the environment which are the most important factors to support student learning creativity, the attitude of lecturers towards their students' creativity. Factors of lecture materials that are in accordance with historical dynamics during the national movement. Then students want to have an opinion or dare to express their opinion in lectures, dare to actively ask questions and tell stories. 3) The interest in learning in the Indonesian national movement history course is quite high because the topic is interesting to study and discuss.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pujo Sukino, Sahid Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Morals, Adab, and Morale in the Context Education Islam Contemporary
The crisis of morals and manners that hit the young generation of Muslims in the digital era is the main background of this research. The moral degradation that is seen through bullying behavior, the weakening of social ethics, and the loss of respect for teachers show the need to strengthen the concept of character in Islamic education. This research aims to examine in depth the concepts of morals, manners, and morals in the context of contemporary Islamic education and explore their implications for the formation of an ethical and characterful learning environment. The research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method which is strengthened by normative-philosophical analysis of the sources of the Qur'an, Hadith, as well as the thought of classical and contemporary scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Miskawaih, and Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. The results of the study show that morality, manners, and morals are three concepts that complement each other: morality as an inner foundation, adab as an expression of behavior, and morals as social standards. The concept of ta'dib Al-Attas has proven to be the most comprehensive framework of Islamic education because it integrates the formation of knowledge, character, and manners in an integrated manner. Its implementation through a morality-based curriculum, teacher examples, and the integration of Islamic values in learning have proven to be effective in forming a generation of Muslims with integrity. It is concluded that the revitalization of adab values in Islamic education is a strategic imperative to answer the challenges of globalization and moral crises. Empirically advanced research in various Islamic educational institutions is highly recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imroatuz Zahra Ramdhani, Husnul Chotimah, Nihla Zanjabila, Aura Nayla Ardya, Adzkiya Syifa Az-zahro, Moch Mahdiyan Nasikhin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Muhammadiyah in the Development of Digital Literacy in Islamic Religious Education: A Library Research Study
This study aims to analyze Muhammadiyah's role in developing digital literacy in Islamic Religious Education in the digital era. The development of information technology has brought significant changes to the learning process, requiring Islamic education to adapt to technological developments without abandoning Islamic values. This study employed a qualitative approach with library research. Data were obtained through various scientific journal articles, books, and documents related to Muhammadiyah, digital literacy, and Islamic Religious Education. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, while data analysis utilized content analysis with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Muhammadiyah plays a significant role in developing digital literacy through the integration of digital media into Islamic Religious Education learning, strengthening digital da'wah (preaching), developing Islamic digital ethics, improving teacher competency, and strengthening technology-based organizational governance. The use of digital technology helps improve learning effectiveness, critical thinking skills, and students' religious character. Furthermore, Muhammadiyah actively utilizes social media and digital platforms as a means of disseminating moderate Islamic values and religious education that is adaptive to current developments. Despite persistent obstacles such as limited infrastructure and limited digital literacy skills among some human resources, the development of digital literacy continues to have a positive impact on the transformation of Islamic Religious Education in the digital era. This research implies that strengthening digital literacy based on Islamic values needs to be continuously developed to create Islamic education that is innovative, moderate, and relevant to the needs of modern society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kharisma Azam Rangkuti, Wahyu Riswanda, Rizka Harfiani, Mawaddah Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integration of Digital Technology in Thematic Learning in the Independent Curriculum in Elementary Schools
In the 21st century, the use of technology in the learning process is no longer an option, but has become an obligation to improve the quality of education and form a generation that is able to adapt to the challenges of the global world. This study aims to analyze the integration of digital technology into thematic learning within the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools. The advancement of digital technology in the field of education demands learning innovations capable of improving the quality of the teaching and learning process. Digital technology serves not only as a tool but also as an integral part of creating interactive, adaptive, and student-centered learning. This aligns with the concept outlined in previous research, which emphasizes that the use of digital media can enhance 21st-century competencies and support the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The findings indicate that the integration of digital technology into thematic learning is achieved through the utilization of various media, such as educational videos, digital platforms, and technology-based instructional materials. The use of these technologies is able to increase student engagement, motivation, and understanding of the learning material. This is also reinforced by findings in previous research, specifically the Digital Technology-Based Learning Models, which state that technology can create more meaningful and personalized learning experiences for students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Reihan Saputra, Indy Kurniawan, Muhamad Ilham Kurniawan Fazza Abdulah, Harisa Saputra, Agus Dwi Prasojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Religious Education Learning in Developing Students' Spiritual Quotient
This study is motivated by the importance of developing students' Spiritual Quotient (SQ) through Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning amidst various moral and social challenges faced by adolescents. The study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning, its role in developing students' Spiritual Quotient, and its implications for students at SMP Negeri 2 Purwakarta. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study adopted Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall's Spiritual Quotient theory, which includes self-awareness, the ability to overcome difficulties, reluctance to cause harm, and spiritual and religious intelligence. The findings revealed that students' Spiritual Quotient was developed through religious habituation, teacher role modeling, moral guidance, reflection on religious values, and religious activities within the school environment. Islamic Religious Education learning had positive implications for improving self-awareness, the ability to face difficulties, social concern, and the practice of religious values in daily life. Keywords: Islamic Religious Education, Spiritual Quotient, spiritual intelligence, students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Ayu Sekar Kinanthi, Saepul Mukti, Abdurrahman Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sociolinguistic Study of Language Diversity in Classroom Learning Communication
This research is motivated by the diverse use of language in learning communication in the classroom which shows that there is a variety of language variations between teachers and students. Differences in social backgrounds, language habits, and interaction situations in the classroom encourage the emergence of varied forms of language in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study is to identify the variety of languages used in learning communication, analyze the factors that influence language selection, and describe the forms of language variation that appear during the learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach by involving 15 students as informants through observation and interview techniques. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing based on the theory of language variation from William Labov (1972) and the ethnographic theory of communication from Dell Hymes (1974). The results of the study showed that a variety of formal languages were used in the delivery of materials and instructions, a semi-formal variety appeared in question and answer interactions, and a dominant non-formal variety in communication between students. The phenomenon of code switching and code mixing is also found in conversations in the classroom which are influenced by language habits and social closeness between students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Kristian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of AI- Assisted Learning on Mandarin and English Language Achievement among Indonesian High Schools Students
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed foreign language education by providing innovative learning tools that support language acquisition and learner autonomy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AI-assisted learning on Mandarin and English language achievement among Indonesian students. A quantitative descriptive design was employed involving 180 senior high school and university students who studied both Mandarin and English as foreign languages. Data were collected through questionnaires, English and Mandarin achievement tests, and students’ academic records. The questionnaire measured students’ frequency of AI use, perceived usefulness of AI tools, and learning motivation. The achievement tests assessed reading, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills in both languages. The findings revealed that 87% of students regularly used AI-powered applications such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, Google Gemini, and Duolingo. Students who frequently used AI-assisted learning obtained higher average scores in Mandarin (82.4) and English (85.7) compared to students with limited AI usage, whose average scores were 74.1 and 77.3 respectively. Furthermore, 84% of students reported increased learning motivation and 77% reported greater learning autonomy. The results suggest that AI-assisted learning positively influences language achievement, motivation, and engagement in both Mandarin and English language learning contexts. Therefore, integrating AI technologies into foreign language education can enhance learning outcomes and support personalized learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mir'ah Azizah; Hasria Riski S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
School Principal's Strategy in Improving Teacher Motivation, Competence, and Performance
The quality of education in education units is highly determined by the performance of teachers which is influenced by their motivation and competence. The principal has a strategic role to create conditions that allow the improvement of these three aspects simultaneously and integrated. This study aims to examine strategies that can be applied by school principals to improve teacher motivation, competence, and performance, as well as analyze how to implement these strategies effectively. The method used in this study is a literature study that collects and analyzes various sources of information relevant to the topic of the study. The results of the study show that strategies that can be implemented include giving recognition and awards, providing opportunities to participate in decision-making, preparing professional development programs, assigning appropriate tasks, creating a conducive work environment, and implementing an objective performance appraisal system. The implementation of this strategy in an integrated and sustainable manner will provide optimal results to improve the quality of human resources in schools. The implication of this study is the need to develop the leadership skills of school principals that focus on developing human resources to achieve the expected educational goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahayu Mardikanningsih, Chelsea Zahra Auliya, Ningrum Fadilaturrohmah, Didit Darmawan, Mila Hariani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Affixes Forming Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs in the Kaili Languange, Rai Dialect
This study examines the affixes that form nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the Kaili language of the Rai dialect, aiming to understand the process of word formation through the combination or addition of affixes in the Kaili language of the Rai dialect. The Kaili language of the Rai dialect is one of the Kaili language families spoken by the people of Central Sulawesi, especially the city of Palu, Donggala Regency, Sigi Regency and its surroundings. The methods used in this study are the distributional method, the Direct Element Sharing (BUL) technique, the Lesap technique, the Change technique, and the Expand technique. The data source of this study is the oral speech of native speakers of the Kaili language of the Rai dialect in Sipeso Village, Sindue Tobata District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The results of the study indicate that the Kaili Rai Dialect has a productive affix formation process, including Prefixes (initial) { mom-, no-, na-, mo-, ri, po-, topoN-,} Suffixes (final) {-sa, -i, -na, -mo, -ka,} Infixes (insertions) { -um-, -in-,} Confixes (initial-final) {ni-/-ka, ka-/-na, na-/-mo, pan-/-a}. Each affix has a different grammatical function and meaning in the formation of word classes. The results of this study provide an important contribution in the documentation and description of regional languages that are increasingly threatened with extinction for the younger generation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Ayu Gita Masari, Diah Havidotul Imaniah, Maudy Rahmiati, Sartiwi Sartiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Theoretical Review: Understanding Test Reliability in Learning
Evaluation is a crucial instrument in the Independent Curriculum instructional cycle for measuring the achievement of learning objectives and providing pedagogical feedback. However, in practice, the provision of valid and consistent evaluation tools still faces challenges, characterized by fluctuations in test scores due to weak control over measurement error. This article aims to examine in depth the basic concept of reliability, visualize its operation, and reconstruct techniques for estimating test instrument reliability coefficients. The research method used is library research, analyzing classic and contemporary literature in the fields of educational evaluation and psychometrics using a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results of the discussion indicate that reliability reflects the level of consistency, dependability, and stability of measurement results, which can be estimated through three main approaches: stability (test-retest), equivalence (parallel forms), and internal consistency (such as Split-Half, KR-20/21, and Cronbach's Alpha). Through simulation of the Spearman-Brown (Split-Half) formula calculation on a multiple-choice test, a reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained. Based on Guilford's criteria, this value is included in the high category and exceeds the minimum limit of feasibility for learning evaluation instruments (0.70), so the instrument is highly reliable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunisa Habibah, Ilda Pulungan, Rizki Hannum, Nabila Zahra NST, Nabilla Chairunnisa, Ahmad Adiwan Bincar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Education Financing Management in Improving Elementary School Financial Transparency and Accountability
Educational financing management plays an important role in supporting the quality of education and the effectiveness of school governance. However, financial management in elementary schools still faces challenges related to transparency, accountability, stakeholder involvement, and orderly financial administration. This study aimed to analyze educational financing management in improving transparency and accountability of school financial management at the elementary school level. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design conducted at SD Negeri Sidosari, Natar District, South Lampung Regency, during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research subjects consisted of the principal, school treasurer, school committee, and teachers. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation studies, and questionnaires, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results showed that financing planning, implementation, transparency, accountability, and the impact of financing management were categorized as very good, with percentages ranging from 83.12% to 86.25%. Financing planning was conducted participatively through stakeholder involvement in preparing the School Activity and Budget Plan (RKAS). Transparency and accountability were implemented through financial reporting, supervision, and orderly financial administration. Therefore, transparent, accountable, and participatory educational financing management contributes to effective school governance and supports the improvement of elementary education quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julian Sari, Tusia Retno Wulandari, Veronika Windy Sulistiowati, Apri Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher Learning Strategies in Improving the Ability to Read the Qur'an Using the Ummi Method
The ability to read the Qur'an tartil according to the rules of tajweed is a basic competency in tahfidz education, but there are still obstacles in the fluency, accuracy of reading, and variety of students' abilities that require effective learning strategies. At the Markaz Tahfidz Ar-Riyadh Bangil, learning uses the Ummi Method, but its implementation still faces several obstacles. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of teacher learning strategies based on the Ummi Method in improving students' Qur'an reading ability and analyze its supporting and inhibiting factors. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach carried out at Markaz Tahfidz Ar-Riyadh Bangil with the researcher as the main instrument. Data was obtained through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with ustadz and managers, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model which included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The validity of the data is tested through source triangulation, technical triangulation, and member check. The results of the study show that the teacher's learning strategy based on the Ummi Method at Markaz Tahfidz Ar-Riyadh Bangil is carried out through systematic planning, the application of talaqqi and musyafahah, muraja'ah habituation, and consistent gradual evaluation. This strategy is effective in increasing the fluency, accuracy of tajweed, and the confidence of students in reading the Qur'an. Supporting factors include ustadz's commitment, structured learning system, and institutional support, while inhibiting factors include differences in students' abilities, limited time, and lack of concentration and motivation to learn.
Copyright (c) 2025 Global Education Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Critical AI Literacy in Arabic Language Education: Rethinking Teacher Roles, Ethics, and Curriculum in the Age of Generative AI
This study examines the growing role of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in Arabic language education and highlights the increasing need for critical AI literacy among learners and teachers. While AI tools offer opportunities to support grammar learning, vocabulary development, writing practice, and independent learning, concerns remain regarding accuracy, overreliance, academic integrity, and the decline of critical thinking. The study aims to explore the need for critical AI literacy in Arabic language learning, examine the changing role of teachers, identify institutional and ethical challenges, and propose a conceptual framework for future practice and research. A Narrative Literature Review (NLR) approach was employed to synthesize and critically interpret relevant studies. Literature was collected from Scopus and Google Scholar, resulting in 26 primary studies that were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The review identified six major themes: critical AI literacy as a pedagogical necessity, the repositioning of teachers, infrastructure and policy challenges, academic ethics and integrity, teacher professional development and AI-responsive curriculum design, and the development of a critical AI literacy framework. Based on these findings, the study proposes a preliminary framework consisting of evaluative linguistic skills, awareness of AI limitations, human–AI collaboration, the use of morphology-aware and adaptive AI tools, and the integration of digital technologies with sound pedagogical practices. The study concludes that effective AI integration in Arabic language education requires critical engagement, informed human judgment, teacher preparedness, and context-sensitive educational policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fariq Heemal Attruk, Nik Hanan Mustapha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Testing the Effectiveness of Metarhizium Anisopliaet Fungus on the Mortality of Coconut Plant Pest Imago (Brontispa sp)
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae against the mortality of coconut pest imago (Brontispa sp.); determine the most effective concentration of M. anisopliae suspension in causing imago mortality; estimate the lethal concentration 50% (LC50); and determine the lethal time 50% (LT50) of Brontispa sp. imago. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five treatments: P0 (control), P1 (5% M. anisopliae suspension), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), and P4 (20%). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in 20 experimental units. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Minitab version 12.0. Duncan’s multiple range test was conducted for post hoc analysis, while LC50 and LT50 values were determined using probit analysis. The results showed that M. anisopliae suspension was effective in increasing the mortality of Brontispa sp. imago. The most effective concentration was 15%. The LC50 value was observed at a concentration of 5%. The LT50 values indicated that 50% mortality occurred on day 12 at concentrations of 5% and 10%, while at concentrations of 15% and 20%, it occurred faster, on day 9.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xaverius Ch. N. Sondakh, Jennilien Merinda Ghello, Gregorio Antonny Bani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Internal Quality Assurance System in Improving the Quality of Education
Educational quality assurance has become a strategic priority in improving school effectiveness and ensuring sustainable educational excellence. In the context of Integrated Islamic Schools, quality assurance must not only address academic achievement but also encompass religious competence and character development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) in improving educational quality at SMP IT Imam Syafi'i Samarinda, Wahdah Islamiyah Islamic Boarding School, East Kalimantan. The research employed a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving school leaders, teachers, and quality assurance personnel. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that SPMI has been implemented systematically through the PPEPP cycle, integrating National Education Standards with the Special Quality Standards of the Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT). Quality improvement is reflected in curriculum integration, the strengthening of the tahfidz Al-Qur’an program, Islamic character development, teacher professional development, and continuous evaluation mechanisms. The study further demonstrates that quality assurance functions not merely as an administrative requirement but as an organizational strategy for fostering a sustainable culture of quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syamsul Rijal, Khoirul Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
"This is not Something that I Share with Everyone”: Digital Media Use and One Night Stand in Indonesia
This article offers an understanding of digital media, intimate relationships, urban lifestyles, and moral norms for contextualizing the study of the construction of contemporary urban identity. It provides an overview of key issues in the mediated interactions of urban youth and online interactions, especially the tensions around choice and social stigma, which can limit the social values in the urban community. It also offers a reflection of the tension between individual pleasure and moral standards in the region. These data are based on a study from the cities in Indonesia, comprehensively interviewing how 20 youths in the region experience ONS to some extent. The findings are guided by the thematic analysis of the data and provide insights into categories of significance of mediated connections, intimate practices, and areas of social values, including youth, urban, ethics, culture, and modesty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irmawan Rahyadi, Dian Susilowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Science Project-Based STEAM Learning in Increasing Student Creativity in Elementary Schools
The demands of competence in the 21st century learning era place high-level thinking skills, creativity, and mastery of skills across fields of knowledge as aspects that cannot be ignored in the implementation of higher education. This study aims to explore the application of a project-based learning model that integrates the Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) approach as an effort to foster the creative thinking skills of students of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD) in designing natural science teaching aids (IPA) for the elementary education level. The research method used was a one-shot case study involving 20 students as participants. Teaching and learning activities are designed in the form of a project to make teaching aids based on used materials that combine the dimensions of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics. Data collection was carried out through observation techniques and questionnaire dissemination using creativity assessment instruments that included three main aspects, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. Data analysis was carried out descriptively using percentage calculation techniques. The results of the analysis showed that overall the level of student creativity was in the very high category, with an average score of 84.67. In detail, the planning aspect obtained a score of 88, the implementation aspect obtained a score of 86, and the evaluation aspect obtained a score of 80. These results indicate that the application of the STEAM-PjBL model is able to facilitate PGSD students in creating science learning products that are characterized by high creativity, contextual, and problem-solving-oriented.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vivi Uvaira Hasibuan, Fitri Yani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Classification of Environmental Conditions of Chili Plants into Healthy and Unhealthy Categories Using the Decision Tree Algorithm
Changes in various environmental parameters during the cultivation process can have an impact on plant development and have the potential to reduce the quality of the results obtained. Therefore, a method is needed that is able to identify plant conditions quickly, objectively, and accurately. This study aims to build a classification model of chili plant conditions using the Decision Tree J48 algorithm by utilizing environmental parameter data and soil nutrients as the basis for determining healthy and unhealthy plant categories. This research method uses a quantitative approach with data mining techniques on a public dataset consisting of 2,200 datasets. The variables analyzed included nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), temperature, humidity, soil pH (ph), and rainfall. The process of forming and testing the model was carried out using the WEKA application with the 10-fold cross validation technique. The results showed that moisture was the most dominant attribute in the formation of decision trees, followed by rainfall, temperature, and soil pH as supporting attributes. The resulting model obtained an accuracy rate of 99.5909%, a Kappa Statistic value of 0.989, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0042, and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.064. These values indicate that the model has an excellent degree of conformity with a relatively low rate of prediction error. Based on these results, the Decision Tree J48 algorithm has proven to be effective in classifying the condition of chili plants based on environmental parameters and has the potential to be applied as the basis for the development of a decision support system to help the process of monitoring plant conditions more quickly, objectively, and accurately.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ermita Sari, Noviyanti Noviyanti, R. Joko Musridho, Muhammad Rezky Ramadhan, Vivi Damayanti, Isvihani Ramadhan, Fajar Delonda, M. Irsyadul Fikri, Amal Alfarizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesian Language Interference in the Kaili Language of the Rai Dialect in Sipeso, Sindue Tobata District, Donggala Regency
Indonesia is recognized as one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, with hundreds of regional languages spoken across its archipelago. This study aims to describe the forms of Indonesian language interference in the Rai dialect of the Kaili language used in daily community communication. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through observation, recording, and note-taking techniques from speakers of the Rai dialect of the Kaili language. The data were analyzed by identifying, classifying, and describing the forms of interference found in the utterances. The results revealed four forms of interference, namely lexical, morphological, syntactic, and phonological interference. Lexical interference was indicated by the inclusion of Indonesian vocabulary in Rai dialect utterances. Morphological interference appeared in the use of word-formation elements influenced by Indonesian. Syntactic interference was reflected in sentence structures influenced by Indonesian patterns, while phonological interference appeared in sound changes in the speakers' utterances. The findings indicate that the simultaneous use of two languages in daily communication contributes to the occurrence of Indonesian language interference in the Rai dialect of the Kaili language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abd. Razak, Lidya Amalia, Nur Latifah, Desi Ameliya Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Implicatures in TikTok User Interactions: A Pragmatic Study of Comments on the Mamanya Kamari Account
The development of technology in this digital era has made communication more complex and dynamic. This study aims to describe the types and meanings of implications in TikTok user interactions on Mamanya Kamari's account based on a pragmatic study. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data in the form of TikTok user comments that contain implications. The data collection technique uses observation, documentation and recording techniques, namely by capturing the screen of the words that are the source of the data, carefully recording the relevant words or sentences from the existing data source. Data analysis techniques use data collection models, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that 20 implication data were found consisting of 10 conventional implications and 10 conversational implications. Conventional implication is characterized by the use of certain words such as but, but, though, and even those that directly contain additional meanings in speech. Meanwhile, the implications of the conversation arise based on the context of the situation, the intention of the speaker, and the mutual understanding between the speaker and the reader. The meaning of the implications found includes praise, humor, sarcasm, criticism, and emotional expression. In addition, the use of emojis in comments plays a role in strengthening meaning, expressing emotions, and helping to clarify the meaning of speech. Thus, the implications in TikTok's comments show that digital communication is not only informative, but also expressive and contextual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alse Mbatono, Yunidar Yunidar, Julia Marfuah, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Ulinsa Ulinsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Performance Improvement of Basic Techniques of Big Ball Games as an Effort to Develop Students' Sports Talent
Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning has an important role in improving motor skills while supporting the identification of students' sports talents. However, the process of evaluating the basic technical skills of big ball games in schools is still often carried out subjectively and has not made optimal use of quantitative data. This study aims to evaluate the improvement of the performance of the basic technique of the big ball game as an effort to develop the sports talent of high school students. The research uses a quantitative approach with an evaluative descriptive method. The research subjects consisted of 30 high school students who participated in an eight-week learning program of the basic techniques of the big ball game. Data was collected through tests of passing, dribbling, shooting, serving, and ball control skills, and supported by observation and documentation. The results showed that the average score of students' basic engineering skills increased from 65.20 in the pretest to 82.40 in the posttest with a percentage increase of 26.38%. Improvements occurred in all aspects of the skills measured, especially in shooting ability and ball control. Further research is suggested involving larger sample numbers as well as using inferential statistical analysis to obtain stronger empirical evidence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Okta Wahyuningsih, Faisal Ramadhan, M Rafi Handimas, Diana Widhi Rachmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Teaching Materials Assisted by Wordwall in PAI Learning and Ethics of SMP Negeri 1 Tanete Luwu Regency
This study aimed to develop teaching materials for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Education using a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach assisted by Wordwall on the topic of compulsory prayers (salat wajib) for Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Tanete, Luwu Regency, and to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed materials. The study employed Research and Development (R&D) with a descriptive qualitative– quantitative approach. The development model used was ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research was conducted in the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year (January–February 2026) with research subjects consisting of a content expert, a media expert, and 23 Grade VIII students (14 female and 9 male). Data were collected through observation, expert validation, student response questionnaires, and a learning achievement test. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative techniques (mean scores and percentages) and qualitative descriptions based on validators’ suggestions and student feedback. The results showed that the teaching materials were categorized as highly feasible based on content expert validation with an average score of 4.67 and media expert validation with an average score of 4.60. In terms of practicality, the student response questionnaire produced an average score of 3.65, categorized as highly practical. The effectiveness of the materials was indicated by postimplementation learning outcomes: 20 out of 23 students (86.96%) achieved scores ≥ the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) of 75, thus meeting the effectiveness criterion (≥75% mastery). Therefore, the PBL-based teaching materials assisted by Wordwall were concluded to be highly feasible, highly practical, and effective for use in PAI and Character Education learning for Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Tanete, Luwu Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Alfath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Use of Miniature Media of Erupting Mountains in Science Subjects in Improving the Skills and Understanding of Grade IV Elementary School Students
Science learning in elementary school requires media that can help students understand concepts more realistically. One of the media that can be used is a miniature eruption volcano that can simulate the process of volcanic eruptions in a simple way. This study aims to find out how the use of miniature mountain media erupts in improving the skills and understanding of grade IV elementary school students. The method used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained through observation during the learning process. The results of the study show that the use of miniature media of erupting mountains is able to increase students' enthusiasm, activeness, and understanding of natural phenomena material. Through simple experimental activities, students can learn directly, discuss with groups, and more easily understand the process of volcanic eruptions. Thus, the miniature media of erupting mountains can be an effective alternative learning media in science science learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Mubarok, Lailatul Fitriah, Yulia Eka Rahmah, Syafana Nur Arfiah, Veriska Rusmaniar, Indah Salsabila, Sidrotul Fajriyah, Muslihatundiniyah Muslihatundiniyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Verb Phrase Structure in the Bajo Language
Language is the main communication tool used by humans to convey thoughts, feelings and wills. Each language has its own systems and rules, both in the fields of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. This study aims to describe the structure of verb phrases in the Bajo language used by the people of Lomba Village, Lamala District, Banggai Regency. The focus of the research includes the structure of intransitive and transitive verb phrases and their formation patterns. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of the see-through method and the cakap method. Data were obtained from the oral speech of native Bajo speakers as well as relevant written data. Data analysis was carried out using matching methods and distributional methods. The results of the study show that verb phrases in the Bajo language consist of intransitive verb phrases and transitive verb phrases. The structure of the verb phrase is formed by the relationship between the core element (the verb as upstream) and the additional element (adverbial, complementary, or operator). Three main patterns were found in intransitive verb phrases, namely the H–T (Upstream–Additional), T–H (Additional–Upstream), and T–H–T (Additional–Upstream–Additional). In transitive verb phrases, a similar pattern is also found, but with the presence of an object as a mandatory complement. In addition, in the structure of the Bajo verb phrase there is the use of grammatical operators such as negation markers, aspects, and prohibitions that affect the overall meaning of the phrase. This research is expected to contribute to the development of linguistic studies, especially in the field of regional language syntax, as well as support efforts to preserve the Bajo language as part of Indonesia's cultural wealth
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nuralisa Bahudin, Mohammad Tahir, Arum Pujining Tyas, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Idris Patekkai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Declarative Speech in Onic.Esports' Instagram Caption
Language is the main communication tool used by humans to convey certain thoughts, feelings, and intentions to others. The purpose of this study is to describe the form and function of declarative speech contained in the caption of the onic Instagram account, esports in the period from January to December 2025. The definition of declarative speech in this study refers to a type of speech that is able to change status, circumstances, or social situations through speech or writing supported by institutional authorities. The methodology used is qualitative descriptive with a pragmatic approach. The type of data in this study is qualitative data in the form of language units or written speech (captions) that contain declarative elements, while the source of data is the official Instagram account onic.esports. The data collection technique is carried out through the method of listening, recording, and documenting uploads that are relevant to the organization's official statement. The results of the study showed two main forms of declarative speech, namely raising such as the announcement of new players (five data), brand ambassadors (four data), and talent (five data) and firing player farewell (five data). The function of the speech act is to establish status, provide public legitimacy, and decide a person's status in the organizational structure of the e-sports team legally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Ramla Kadir, Yunidar Yunidar, Juniati Juniati, Mohammad Tahir, Arum Pujining Tyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mix Codes in Conversations of Banggai Laut Students in Palu City
This diversity makes Indonesia one of the countries with a high level of multilingualism, where people are used to using more than one language in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of code mixing used in the conversation of Banggai Laut students in Palu City and to analyze the factors that cause code mixing in the conversation of Banggai Laut students in Palu city. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The research place is located at the location of the Banggai Laut Student Dormitory, Tondo, East Palu. Data collection is carried out by four techniques, namely observation, recording, listening, and recording. This research was sourced from students from Banggai Laut in informal conversations such as gathering in the Banggai Laut student dormitory environment. The results of this study found that there are four forms of code mixing in the conversation of Banggai Laut students, namely mixing code in the form of basic words, repetitions, phrases and clauses. The cause of code mixing is the habit of speakers in using regional languages and terms from foreign languages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ufara Dzikri, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Julia Marfuah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Minor and Major Sentence Structure in Kaili Language Rai Dialect
Language is an arbitrary, productive, dynamic, diverse, and used sound symbol system by humans as a means of communication. This study aims to describe the structure of minor and major sentences in the Kaili language Rai dialect. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected using the observation method and the conversational method with involvement observation, recording techniques, face-to-face conversation, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the identity method with translational technique. The results show that minor sentences in the Kaili language Rai dialect are divided into two types: minor sentences in the form of words (5 data) which include exclamations, commands, and questions, as well as minor sentences in the form of phrases (5 data) which include greeting phrases, prohibitions, commands, hopes, and warnings. Meanwhile, major sentences are divided into three types: simple major sentences with S-P-Adv pattern (5 data), compound major sentences with Independent Clause 1 + Conjunction 'ante' + Independent Clause 2 pattern (5 data), and complex major sentences with independent clause + subordinating conjunction ('waktu' meaning 'when') + adverbial clause pattern (5 data).
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifdah Nur Zahiidah, Felicia Elsadora Moran, Amelia Zahra, Annisa Miftahul Rezkya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mixing the Code in the Speech of the Community of Ulunambo Village, Menui Islands District
In the development of contemporary linguistics, the study of syntax focuses not only on the relationships between words in sentences, but also on how the syntactic structure represents the thinking patterns and characteristics of a language community. This study aims to describe the form and causes of code mixing in the speech of the people of Ulunambo Village, Menui Islands District. This research uses a qualitative method. This study uses primary data as the main type and source of data. The primary data was obtained directly from the people of Ulunambo Village through the process of collecting data in the field. The data in question is in the form of natural speech that appears in daily interactions. The research data was obtained through observation, listening, recording, and recording techniques with the research subjects of the community of Ulunambo Village, Menui Islands District. Data analysis is carried out through three stages, namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that the form of code mixing found included a mix of word, phrase, and clause level codes. The mixing of the code occurs due to speaker factors and linguistic factors. Speaker factors include language habits and social closeness in daily interactions, while linguistic factors include the need for accuracy and efficiency of meaning in speech delivery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nurul Fadilah, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Arum Pujining Tyas, Mohammad Tahir, Idris Patekkai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Speech of the Banten Prayascita Ceremony in Welcoming the Birth of a Baby
Indonesia is a country with extraordinary cultural wealth, reflected in the diversity of traditions and traditional ceremonies that still survive today. This study aims to describe the form, meaning, and function of directive speech used in the Banten Prayascita Ceremony in welcoming the birth of a baby in Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a pragmatic study. The research data is in the form of speech that contains directive speech actions obtained through listening, recording, and recording techniques during the implementation of traditional ceremonies. Data analysis is carried out through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that there were six forms of directive speech in the Banten Prayascita Ceremony, namely the act of ordering as many as 10 data, requesting 5 data, inviting 3 data, prohibiting 3 data, giving advice 2 data, and requesting 3 data. The act of speaking commands, requests, invitations, prohibitions, and suggestions functions predominantly as a means of regulating social actions of ceremony participants, while the act of pleading functions as a medium of spiritual communication that contains prayers and hopes for the safety of the baby and his family. The meaning contained in each speech is influenced by the cultural context, the purpose of communication, and the customary and religious values that underlie the implementation of the ceremony. The findings of this study show that language in the Banten Prayascita Ceremony not only functions as a means of communication, but also as an instrument for cultural preservation, strengthening social relations, and actualizing the spiritual values of the community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Wayan Sulastri, Yunidar Yunidar, Arum Pujining Tyas, Mohammad Tahir, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Verb Phrases and Adverbs in The Kaili Language, Rai Dialect
This study discusses verb and adverbial phrases in the Kaili Rai Dialect Language, with the formulation of the problem in this study is how the structure of verb phrases, how is the form of adverb phrases and how is the function of adverb phrases in the Kaili Rai Dialect language, Sipeso Village, Sindue Tobata District, Donggala Regency. Based on the formulation of the problem, this research aims to describe how the structure, how it is formed, and how the function of the rai dialect kaili language. This research is a type of qualitative research. The data collection technique is carried out using the listening method, capable of data analysis which is used to match and distribute. The location of this research is in Sipeso Village, Sindue Tobata District, Donggala Regency. The data obtained is in the form of oral data obtained through data collection techniques. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using descriptive techniques. From the results of the study, it was found that in the Kaili language of the Rai dialect the Intransitive verb phrase and the modified type Adverb phrase are divided into three types, namely (1) intransitive verb phrase and H-H-type modative Adverb phrase, (2) intransitive verb phrase and H-T modifiative type Adverb phrase, (3) intransitive verb phrase and T-H-H modifiative type Adverb phrase, (4) intransitive verb phrase and T-H-T modative type adverb phrase. Likewise, monotransitive verb phrases in the Kaili Diaek Rai language, the structure of their functions is divided into three types, namely (1) monotransitive modifiative type verb phrase H-H, (2) monotransitive modifiative type verb phrase T-H, (3) monotransitive modifiative type verb phrase H-T, (4) monotransitive type verb phrase T-H-T. From the results of the study, it was also found that the function of adverb phrases is determined by variations in their structural patterns, namely in the patterns H-H, H-T, T-H, and T-H-T.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Fitri, Revalni Revalni, Dwi Kinanti A. Puangolo, Odhy Amalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher Performance Management Oriented to Professional Growth Through Coaching and Mentoring
This article discusses a teacher performance management model oriented toward professional growth through a coaching and mentoring approach. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a teacher performance management model oriented toward professional growth through a coaching and mentoring approach. This research method is based on a qualitative literature review that synthesizes theoretical perspectives on coaching conversations, senior-junior mentoring programs, collaborative academic supervision, and principal competencies as instructional coaches. The results of this study describe how coaching conversations can structure goal setting, classroom reflection, and follow-up planning, while mentoring provides a systematic transmission of pedagogical experience from senior teachers to novice teachers. Collaborative supervision is presented as a bridge between classroom observation and constructive feedback. This article further outlines the organizational and ethical prerequisites for implementing this model, including leadership commitment, time allocation, documentation practices, and a school climate that values ​​openness and shared responsibility for learning. The proposed framework is intended to guide schools in redesigning teacher performance management in a way that strengthens professional identity, improves teaching quality, and fosters a sustainable learning community among educators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Didit Darmawan , Agung Maulana, Mohammad Nasiruddin, Abdul Khobir Rahmatullah, Muhammad Iqbal Maududi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Language Style in Movies When Tomorrow Mother Is Absent
Language is a very important means of communication. Through language we are able to convey our thoughts, feelings, and actions. This study aims to describe the types of language styles used in the dialogue of the film Bila Esok Ibu Tiada. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The source of data in this study is the dialogues in the film Bila Esok Ibu Tiada. The data collection technique is carried out through the observation technique and the recording technique, while the data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that there were 24 language style data in the dialogue of the film Bila Esok Ibu Tiada. These language styles include the language styles of comparison, opposition, affirmation, and sarcasm. The comparative language style consists of 3 metaphorical data and 2 simile data. The style of conflict language consists of 4 hyperbolic data. The affirmation language style consists of 5 repetition data, 2 parallelism data, 1 climax data, and 3 rhetorical data. The satirical language style consists of 1 irony data and 3 cynicism data. The use of language style in the film serves to embellish dialogues, strengthen the characters' characters, portray emotions and conflicts between characters, and convey moral messages to the audience. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the use of language style in the film Bila Esok Ibu Wala is able to create an aesthetic and emotional effect so that the dialogue becomes more lively and meaningful. This research is expected to be a reference in learning the Indonesian language, especially in the study of language styles in literary works and films.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurfainnah, Pratama Bayu Santosa, Nirmayanti Nirmayanti, Ulinsa Ulinsa, Hasnur Ruslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Transformational Leadership to Improve School Achievement
School achievement is the main indicator that reflects the quality of education delivery in an institution. The achievement of optimal achievement requires a strategic role from the principal as a leader to manage and develop the various potentials possessed by the school. This study aims to examine the application of transformational leadership by school principals to improve school achievement, as well as analyze the factors that affect the success of the implementation of transformational leadership. The method used in this study is a literature study that collects and analyzes various sources of information relevant to the topic of the study. The results of the study show that the application of transformational leadership through four main components, namely ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration, plays a significant role in creating a positive work environment, increasing teacher motivation and performance, improving the quality of the learning process, and encouraging the active involvement of all school residents to achieve common goals. The success of the implementation of this leadership style is influenced by factors such as the ability of the principal to build cooperative relationships, develop a clear vision and mission, the availability of adequate resources, and support from the surrounding environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Maftuhatur Rohmah, Fahri Andriyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MSDM Digitalization Strategy in Improving the Professionalism of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teachers: A Literature Study
Digital transformation in the education sector has driven fundamental changes in human resource management (HRM) practices, particularly in Islamic primary education institutions such as Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). The digitalization of HRM is no longer limited to administrative efficiency but has evolved into a strategic instrument for enhancing teacher professionalism through data-driven management systems, digital performance evaluation, and continuous competency development. This study aims to analyze the concept of HRM digitalization strategies in the context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education and examine their role in improving teacher professionalism. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method based on secondary data obtained from national scientific journals, academic books, and Indonesian education policy documents published within the last five years. Data were analyzed using content analysis, focusing on key themes such as HRM digitalization, teacher professionalism, and educational management transformation. The findings indicate that effective HRM digitalization strategies include the implementation of human resource information systems, e-performance systems, strengthening teachers’ digital literacy, technology-based competency development, and the transformation of digital organizational culture. HRM digitalization has been proven to enhance transparency, efficiency, accountability, and objectivity in teacher management. However, its success is strongly influenced by human resource readiness, educational leadership, and the availability of digital infrastructure. This study confirms that HRM digitalization plays a strategic role in developing sustainable teacher professionalism in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah through the integration of technology and the strengthening of digital pedagogical capacity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Ali Fahmi, Moh. Rodiaminollah, Lu’lu’ Nurul Qomariyah, Abu Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of the TPQ Quality Assurance Paradigm: Integration of the Khoiro Ummah Concept and the PPEPP Cycle in the Digital Era
The digital era brings a double disruption to the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ), namely the demand for technological adaptation as well as the threat of moral decline in Early Childhood and Elementary School (Alpha Generation). On the other hand, conventional TPQ governance is generally still traditional and has not touched the aspect of systematic quality standardization. This article aims to reconstruct the TPQ quality assurance paradigm through a literature study approach (library research). Reconstruction is carried out by integrating the theological-philosophical value of the concept of Khoiro Ummah (QS. Ali Imran: 110) with modern management instruments, namely the PPEPP cycle (Determination, Implementation, Evaluation, Control, and Improvement). The results of the conceptual study formulated four new quality pillars: (1) Qur'an-Based Content Standards Based on Digital Literacy and Manners, (2) TPQ Adaptive PPEPP Cycle, (3) Standardization of Asatidz Techno-Pedagogic Competencies, and (4) External Evaluation Based on Digital Parent Partnerships. This integration results in a holistic quality assurance model, where the quality of TPQ is no longer measured by cognitive reading fluency, but rather the formation of an Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyah) that is responsive to digital reality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khoirul Anwar, Olivia Fachrunnisa, Ridho Okthadiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Media Digital YouTube dalam Pembelajaran PJOK Materi Senam Irama untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Motorik Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 009 Sangatta Utara
This study aims to describe the implementation of YouTube digital media in physical education (PJOK) learning, identify the obstacles encountered, and explain the solutions used to develop the motor skills of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 009 Sangatta Utara. This study used a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, PJOK teachers, and fifth-grade students. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through triangulation techniques. The results showed that the implementation of YouTube digital media was carried out through three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. In the planning stage, teachers prepared learning materials and selected appropriate YouTube videos related to rhythmic gymnastics. In the implementation stage, YouTube videos were used as visual learning media to help students observe and practice movements repeatedly. In the evaluation stage, teachers assessed students' motor skills through direct observation during practical activities. The use of YouTube contributed to the improvement of students' motor skills, especially in movement coordination, accuracy, agility, and imitation ability. In addition, students became more active, enthusiastic, and involved in the learning process. Barriers include limited internet access, inadequate facilities, differences in student motor skills, and a lack of confidence among some students. To address these challenges, teachers download videos, use personal devices when necessary, provide step-by-step guidance, and consistently motivate students. Therefore, YouTube can serve as an innovative and effective learning medium to support motor skill development in elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husna Eni, Anggra Prima, Jumrianah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Spatial-Material Memory Pedagogy: Deconstructing the Educational Model of Deuteronomy 6:4-9 in Digital Learning Spaces
The rapid migration of contemporary education into virtual environments has engineered an ontological crisis characterized by disembodied learning and digital learning space alienation. As instructional interactions are reduced to frictionless screens, students are increasingly severed from the physical geographies and tangible materials vital for shaping ethical consciousness and collective memory. This study addresses this theoretical gap by executing a qualitative deconstruction of Deuteronomy 6:4–9, reframing it from a narrow theological dogma into an ancient Near Eastern curricular artifact of resilience. Grounded in philosophical-pedagogical hermeneutics and a Derridean deconstructive approach, the study analyzes the semantic and syntactic functions of the Hebrew Masoretic text's spatial-itinerant verbs (yashab, halak, shakab, qum) and material-semiotic objects (’oth, totaphoth, mezuzah), dialectically juxtaposing them with contemporary frameworks of spatial pedagogy and new materialism. The analysis extracts a novel conceptual model termed the "Spatial-Material Pedagogy of Memory." The findings reveal that verse 7 establishes a "Liquid yet Place-Anchored Curriculum" that reclaims everyday geographical trajectories against digital non-places, while verses 8–9 deploy a "Curriculum of Materiality" that utilizes physical tokens and architectural thresholds to counteract digital amnesia through embodied cognition. Ultimately, this model destabilizes the technocentric hegemony of modern educational technology, offering a robust philosophical foundation for future hybrid curricula that intentionally bind digital tools to local physical ecologies and corporeal craftsmanship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukanto Limbong, Daniel Razsekar Panjaitan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Toponymy and Collective Memory: Tracing the History of Sukarara Village Through Oral Traditions and Naming of Weaving Ornamental Varieties
Sukarara Village in Central Lombok has been better known as a weaving tourist destination, while the history behind the name of the village itself is rarely known. This research aims to trace the origin of the name Sukarara Village (toponymy) and the philosophical meaning of the traditional weaving ornamental variety that has been passed down from generation to generation, by considering that both were born from the same process, namely the collective memory of the community that was passed down orally without inscriptions or official written archives. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, through in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and weaving artisans, participatory observation, and the study of local historical documents. The results of the study show that the name "Sukarara" is rooted in the word "suke" (willing/sincere) which reflects the spirit of community independence, and is associated with the story of the founders of the village, Raden Uga and Raden Cempaka. The tradition of weaving is also integrated with the identity and rituals of the community, ranging from the ritual of "pemandik" to the traditional rules of "dende nyensek". Each weaving motif, such as Subahnale and Umbak, holds its own story and function, from the weaver's expression of admiration to the ritual of shaving baby hair. The study also found that the threat of fading of collective memory was due to the lack of regeneration of young weavers and the shift in value due to commercialization, so documentation became urgent.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahimah Saifuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Symbolic Meaning of Bugis Traditional Wedding Clothes in Soni Village: A Semiotic Study of Charles Sanders Peirce's Theory
In various traditions in Indonesia, traditional clothing has an important position because it is used in sacred ceremonies, including wedding ceremonies. This research aims to describe the shape and meaning of symbols contained in Bugis traditional wedding clothes. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation with informants consisting of traditional elders and the Bugis community who understood the meaning of traditional bridal attire. Data is analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the symbols on Bugis traditional wedding clothes are divided into verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols. Verbal symbols are obtained from the informant's explanation of the meaning of colors, jewelry, and traditional clothing related to purity, fertility, glory, social status, loyalty, responsibility, and siri' values in the life of the Bugis people. Nonverbal symbols appear in elements of clothing and accessories, such as wedding dresses, lipa' sabbe, potto, ponto, necklaces, giwang, crowns, keris, and songko, each of which contains philosophical meanings about honor, courage, welfare, fertility, happiness, and the hope of a harmonious domestic life. The findings of the study show that Bugis traditional wedding clothes not only function as wedding clothes, but also as a representation of cultural values, social identity, and ancestral heritage that are full of symbolic meaning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Hermawati, Juniati Juniati, Andi Bismawati, Yunidar Yunidar, Hasnur Ruslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating AI in Education Management: Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities at SMA Kramat Dukupuntang
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on various sectors, including education. The integration of AI in education management is one of the important strategies to improve the effectiveness of school management, the quality of academic services, and data-driven decision-making. This research aims to analyze the AI implementation strategy, the challenges faced, and the opportunities that arise in the management of education at Kramat Dukupangkang High School. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the application of AI can support school administration, student data management, learning monitoring, and evaluation of educational performance more effectively and efficiently. The strategies implemented include strengthening teachers' digital literacy, providing technological infrastructure, and developing school policies based on digital transformation. However, AI implementation still faces various challenges such as limited human resources, uneven technological infrastructure, data security issues, and resistance to change. On the other hand, AI opens up great opportunities for improving the quality of education through personalized learning, faster information management, and more accurate decision-making. This study concludes that the successful integration of AI in education management requires school policy support, improvement of digital competence of educators, and collaboration between all education stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yasir Arafah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Research Proposal Development in the Age of Generative AI: Exploring Students’ Difficulties and the Emergence of AI-Driven Competence Illusion
This research is motivated by the discovery of various difficulties for students in preparing thesis proposals in the Research Methodology course, both in methodological, academic, and psychological aspects. This condition has an impact on the low quality of student research proposals and the lack of optimal understanding of research methodology. This study aims to analyze the forms of student difficulties, the causative factors, and their implications for the learning of Research Methodology in Islamic private universities. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, learning observations, and analysis of student proposal documents. The research informants consist of fifth-semester students and lecturers in the Research Methodology course at STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that students have difficulties in understanding the concept of research methodology, composing theoretical studies critically, developing coherent academic paragraphs, and applying scientific writing techniques appropriately. In addition, it was found that there was a high level of academic anxiety and low student learning independence. This study also found the phenomenon of AI-driven competence illusion, which is a condition when students produce proposals that appear systematic through the help of generative AI, but have not yet understood the substance of the research methodology in depth. The findings of this study provide important implications for the development of research methodology learning strategies that are more contextual, applicative, and oriented towards strengthening student research literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fikry Firmansyah, Abdul Basid, Fajar Alfaris, Moch. Danu Kurniadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Trends and Characteristics of Arabic Language Teaching Material Development by Pre-Service Teachers in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review
The development of Arabic teaching materials by prospective teachers in universities is an important issue in line with the increasing demands of 21st century competence and the integration of technology in education. However, a comprehensive study of the trends and characteristics of the development of Arabic teaching materials by prospective teachers is still limited. This research aims to synthesize trends, approaches, and challenges that arise in the development of Arabic teaching materials in the higher education environment. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted on Semantic Scholar, PubMed, OpenAlex, arXiv, and ClinicalTrials databases. Of the 123 documents identified, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Risk of bias was evaluated based on the relevant domain, while the level of certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. The results of the study show five main themes, namely: (1) the competence of prospective teachers in learning design, (2) the effectiveness of teaching materials and curriculum innovation, (3) the implementation of 21st century skills through the 4C framework, (4) the integration of technology and artificial intelligence in Arabic language learning, and (5) the quality of the teacher candidate education program. The dominant trends include the use of digital technology, the application of constructivistic approaches, and the strengthening of 21st century skills. However, various challenges are still found, such as curriculum incompatibility, limited digital resources, and lack of pedagogic training. This study shows that the development of Arabic teaching materials is moving towards a more digital, collaborative, and competency-based approach. However, the low to very low certainty of the evidence indicates the need for more rigorous experimental research to support the development of Arabic teacher education policies and practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Basid, Fikry Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Learning Outcomes in Solid Geometry through Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Using Concrete Media in Grade 3 at SDN 6 Kaur
Mathematics learning in elementary schools is essential for developing students’ logical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, learning outcomes in solid geometry often remain low due to abstract teaching methods, limited instructional media, and low student engagement. This study aimed to improve students’ Mathematics learning outcomes on the topic of solid geometry through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) using concrete media. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 25 third-grade students of SD Negeri 6 Kaur, Bengkulu. Data were collected through achievement tests, observations, and documentation. The results showed improvements in both learning implementation and student achievement. The observation score of PjBL implementation increased from 75% in Cycle I to 91.67% in Cycle II. Students’ average score improved from 65 to 82, while the mastery learning percentage increased from 60% to 90%. In addition, students demonstrated higher levels of participation, collaboration, creativity, and conceptual understanding. These findings indicate that Project-Based Learning (PjBL) supported by concrete media is effective in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes in solid geometry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohani Astariah, Arum Ratnaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Students’ Understanding of Pancasila Symbols and the Implementation of Pancasila Values in Second Grade Elementary School
This study aims to analyze the understanding of second-grade students at SDN 147 Rejang Lebong regarding the symbols of Pancasila and the implementation of Pancasila values in learning, as well as to identify obstacles and teacher efforts in the process. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed with 12 student subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, using indicators such as the ability to recognize symbols, mention the sound of each principle, relate symbols to daily behavior, and implement the values of Divinity, Humanity, Unity, Democracy, and Justice. The results show that most students are able to mention the symbols and the sound of Pancasila principles, but only a portion can relate them to everyday behaviors. Religious and cooperation values are most dominant, while the values of deliberation and justice still require habituation. The main obstacles include students' low concentration and limited variation in teaching methods. Teachers strive to enhance understanding by using visual media, group discussions, and positive behavior habituation. In conclusion, learning about Pancasila symbols is quite effective at the basic knowledge level, but value internalization requires more innovative and contextual methods. This research implies the need for the development of more creative Pancasila learning strategies and contributes as a reference for teachers and policymakers in designing character education relevant to the developmental stage of elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Mahpudin, Arum Ratnaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Challenge of Values Education in the Generation Alpha Era: Initiating a New Direction for Elementary Civics Education in Response to the Digital Moral Crisis
Generation Alpha grew up in a digital environment that made it a major social space, but their technical prowess was not in line with moral maturity. The phenomenon of language ethics degradation, cyberbullying, and low digital empathy in elementary schools indicate an escalation of moral crisis that requires serious handling. This research aims to analyze the challenges of value education in the Alpha Generation and formulate a new direction of learning in Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PKn) through the integration of digital citizenship. A qualitative approach with the library research method is used to review the scientific literature and factual data related to the digital moral crisis. The results of the study formulated two main strategies: (1) repositioning PKn material by converting Pancasila values into cyber ethics; and (2) transformation of learning methodology using a digital moral dilemma-based Case Method. This study concludes that the new direction of PKn requires adaptive curriculum transformation and strong synergy in the Tricenter Education ecosystem so that students' ethical character habituation is formed in its entirety in the real and virtual worlds.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salasa Shofyani, Yacobus Ndona, Surya Dharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Educational Quality Through the PPEPP Cycle in the Internal Quality Assurance System: A Case Study of Al Banna Middle School, Denpasar, Bali
Improving the quality of education is a strategic demand for educational units in facing scientific developments, social change, and global competition. The Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) through the Determination, Implementation, Evaluation, Control, and Improvement (PPEPP) cycle is an important instrument to ensure continuous quality improvement. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PPEPP cycle in improving the quality of education at SMP Al Banna Denpasar Bali. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design based on document analysis. Data were obtained from school profile documents, quality mapping, quality improvement program plans and implementation, internal quality evaluation and audit reports, and quality standard setting documents. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of PPEPP was carried out systematically through quality mapping based on eight National Education Standards, the preparation of quality improvement programs, the implementation of human resource strengthening programs, the development of an integrated curriculum, and periodic internal quality evaluation and audits. The implementation of the PPEPP cycle has contributed to improving the quality of education, as demonstrated by improved school governance, a strengthened culture of quality, and a 47.27% increase in student enrollment from 275 in the 2020/2021 academic year to 405 in the 2025/2026 academic year. These findings demonstrate that the PPEPP cycle serves as a strategic instrument for achieving systematic, measurable, and sustainable improvements in education quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asrina Astagani, Khoirul Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teachers' Imperative Speech Acts in the Teaching and Learning Process at SMP
Language is a tool of social interaction or a tool of communication between fellow humans. This research aims to discuss how the form, function, and form of teacher imperative speech actions in the teaching and learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Parigi. The method carried out in this study is qualitative research. The data collection carried out was by one observation, two records, three views and notes. The subject of this research is the teacher's speech in the teaching and learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Parigi. The data analysis technique carried out in this study includes three stages, namely, one data reduction, two data presentation, and three conclusions. The results of the study showed that the form of mandatory teacher speech in the teaching and learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Parigi consisted of one request speech consisting of three data, two permission speeches consisting of three data, three invitation speeches consisting of two data, four command speeches consisting of six data, and five prohibition speeches consisting of four data. The functions contained in this study follow from the form of imperative speech and strategies contained in this study, namely one direct strategy and an indirect strategy. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that teachers' imperative speech actions have an important role in supporting the success of the teaching and learning process, both as a communication tool and as an effective interaction between teachers and students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmadani A. Dai, Yunidar Yunidar, Julia Marfuah, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Arum Pujining Tyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategi Guru bahasa Arab dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Arab siswa Kelas VII di SMPIT Daarussalaam Sangatta Utara
This study aims to determine the Arabic speaking skills of seventh-grade students at SMPIT Daarussalaam and the strategies used by Arabic teachers to improve their Arabic speaking skills. This is a descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. This research is motivated by the difficulties junior high school students face in speaking Arabic due to limited vocabulary, limited practice, and low motivation, despite Arabic's importance as the language of the Quran and Islamic teachings. The study was conducted at SMPIT Daarussalaam in North Sangatta, East Kutai, from August 18 to October 15, 2025, with data sourced from the Arabic teacher, two students, and school documents. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and document review, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate that students' speaking skills were initially low, but improved significantly through the integrated strategies implemented by the teachers. The main strategy includes the Mustaqilli method, which integrates structured grammar and morphology, daily recitation, dictation practice, group discussions, oral feedback, and the use of Smart TV. This approach has proven effective in encouraging active practice and building motivation based on Islamic values, aligning with communicative theory, behaviorism, and constructivism, and providing practical guidance for teachers and schools in holistic Arabic language learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lailatul Aisyah, Rusmiati Indrayani, Farida Catur Wahyu Anggriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Clause Structure in the Rai Dialect of the Kaili Language: A Descriptive Syntactic Study
Language is an important element in human life because it functions as a means of communication, conveying ideas, and a medium for inheriting cultural values from one generation to the next. This study aims to describe the structure, types, and rules of word formation through derivation, as well as the differences and syntactic relationships between independent clauses (free) and dependent clauses (bound) in the Kaili language of the Rai dialect, one of the varieties of Kaili language used in the Central Sulawesi region. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method; The data was collected through the Simak and Cakap method (interviews with native speakers, natural speech recordings), then analyzed using the matching and distribution method to identify the patterns, functions, and grammatical features. The results show that independent clauses can stand on their own as complete sentences, consisting of three main types: intransitive (without objects, S-P, P-S, and variations with adverbs), transitive (having objects, the basic pattern of S-P-O and its variations), and equivocal (connecting subjects and complements, without mandatory verbs). In contrast, dependent clauses cannot stand alone, function as part of compound sentences (as complements, adverbs, or adverbs), and are usually characterized by subordinate conjunctions or suffixes that mark syntactic dependencies on the main clause. At the morphological level, derivation is the process of forming new words with different meanings and classes of words, especially through suffixes (prefixes, suffixes, circumfixes) that are commonly used in this dialect. Suffixes such as na-, po-, ma-, pa- change the verb to a noun, change the active-passive meaning, or change the category of a word, for example from an adjective to a verb; This process becomes an important means of enriching vocabulary and composing more complex sentence structures. Overall, the syntactic and morphological system of the Rai dialect exhibits the characteristics of the Kaili language: a flexible but head-beginning pattern of word order, the productive use of suffixes for the derivation and marking of relationships between clauses, and a clear distinction between independent units and those that depend on sentence structure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Floryasita Wulinda, Fitra Ramadhani, Haerunnisa Haerunnisa, Ira Safitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nilai Edukatif Permainan Tradisional Congklak dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berhitung Siswa Kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri 04 Bengalon
This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the educational values of the traditional game congklak in developing students’ counting ability and to identify its advantages and disadvantages at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 04 Bengalon, Bengalon District, East Kutai Regency. A qualitative field research approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with one second-grade teacher and three second-grade students, and documentation. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model and validated through triangulation techniques. The findings revealed that the traditional game congklak contained significant educational values in developing students’ counting ability, particularly in the cognitive aspect, such as recognizing numbers, counting seeds, and performing simple addition and subtraction. In addition, the game also fostered affective values, including honesty and patience, as well as social values such as cooperation and positive interaction among students. The advantages of using congklak included making learning more enjoyable, improving concentration and learning interest, and preserving local culture. However, several disadvantages were also identified, such as the limited number of players, the need for specific equipment, relatively long playing time, and the requirement for intensive teacher guidance. The study concluded that integrating the traditional game congklak into classroom instruction can serve as an effective and contextual alternative medium for developing both counting skills and character among lower-grade elementary school students
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Handayani Sepe, Anjani Putri Belawati Pandianga, Aham Mutasyarifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Media Matching Word Game Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Di Kelas V SD Muhammadiyah Sangatta Utara
This study was conducted in response to the low level of student engagement in Indonesian language learning. It aimed to examine the difference in student engagement before and after the implementation of the Matching Word Game learning media in the experimental group, the difference in student engagement before and after instruction without the Matching Word Game learning media in the control group, and the difference in student engagement between the experimental group, which received instruction using the Matching Word Game learning media, and the control group, which received conventional instruction without the media. This study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The participants consisted of 25 fifth-grade students from Class VC as the experimental group and 24 fifth-grade students from Class VB as the control group. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Since the data were not normally distributed, the hypotheses were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and the Mann–Whitney U Test with the assistance of SPSS version 27. The findings revealed a significant improvement in student engagement in Indonesian language learning among students in the experimental group after the implementation of the Matching Word Game learning media, whereas no significant difference was found in the control group. Furthermore, a significant difference in student engagement was observed between the experimental and control groups. These findings indicate that the Matching Word Game learning media is effective in enhancing student engagement in Indonesian language learning among fifth-grade elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Dia Mandasari, Tri Velyna, Muhammad Imam Syafi’i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Imperative Speech Acts Among Junior High School Students: A Study at SMP Negeri 1 Parigi
This study discusses the form and function of imperative speech actions between students of SMP Negeri 1 Parigi. The purpose of this study is to describe the form and function of imperative speech actions between students of SMP Negeri 1 Parigi. The method carried out in this study is qualitative research. The data collection carried out is by observation, recording, watching and recording. The subject of this study is speech between students of SMP Negeri 1 Parigi. The data analysis techniques carried out in this study include three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that the form of imperative speech between SMP Negeri 1 Parigi students consisted of the form of command, the form of request, the form of giving permission, the form of invitation, and the form of command. The function of imperative speech actions found in the use of regional languages and Indonesian is unified in speech between students to build social structure and cooperation in the school environment. The form of imperative speech between students is as follows: Command has three data, Request has four data, Permission grant has three data, Invitation has four data, Command has two data. Meanwhile, the functions obtained are as follows: Command Imperative Function as many as three data, Request Imperative Function as many as four data, Imperative Permission Function as many as three data, Invitation Imperative Function as many as four data, and Imperative Command Function as many as two data.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Alifta, Yunidar Yunidar, Arum Pujining Tyas, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Juniati Juniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Emojis and Abbreviations in Generation Z Communication on TikTok Social Media
The development of social media has given rise to various new linguistic phenomena in Generation Z's digital communication, one of which is the use of emojis and abbreviations on social media TikTok. Emojis and abbreviations are not only used as This research aims to describe the form of emoji, the form of abbreviations, the meaning of emojis, and the meaning of abbreviations in Generation Z communication on TikTok social media. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with pragmatic and semantic studies. The research data was in the form of comments, captions, and posts on TikTok that contained emojis and abbreviations. Data collection techniques were carried out through non-participant observation, structured interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model which includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as conclusion drawing and verification. The results of the study showed that emojis are used as a form of expressive speech to express the feelings and attitudes of the speaker, such as happiness, sadness, sarcasm, humor, and apology. Meanwhile, abbreviations show the meaning of denotation and connotation in digital communication. Generation Z's use of emojis and abbreviations on TikTok's social media reflects an expressive, concise, and contextual form of communication. This research is expected to provide an understanding of the dynamics of digital language in pragmatic and semantic studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mawaddah Warahmah, Ulinsa Ulinsa, Julia Marfuah, Yunidar Yunidar, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Phonological Structure of Kaili Language Rai Dialect
The main problems studied are the form of phonological processes as well as the variations and sound characteristics of language used in daily communication. This study aims to analyze phonological processes and identify the dominant types of sound changes in the Kaili language of the Rai dialect. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The research data is in the form of oral speech (words, phrases, and sentences) obtained directly from native speaker informants through the simak method (tapping technique, simak engaged cakap, simak free engaged cakap, and note) and cakap method (fishing technique, recording, and note). Data analysis is carried out interactively, which includes the data reduction stage, data presentation in the form of inventory tables and descriptions, and conclusion drawn. The results show that there is a variety of vowel phonemes (/a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/) and various consonant phonemes, noting that the consonant phoneme /w/ is not found in this dialect. The sound system of the Kaili language of the Rai dialect has unique characteristics that are shown through the presence of contrasting consonants (such as the pairs /p/ and /b/, /k/ and /g/), front and middle consonant clusters (e.g. mpu'u, rombi), consonant sequences (punti, komporo), and diphthongs (/ai/, /au/, /oi/). In addition, a consistent pattern of sound distribution was found, including contrast distributions that function to distinguish the meaning of words (e.g. the vowels /u/ and /o/ in the word pulu polo) as well as complementary distributions influenced by the phonological environment around the phoneme.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Alya Amandah, Siti Masyita Islamiya, Kristina Sandipu, Lili Indriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Metaphorical Style in the Song Lyrics in the Album the Second Step: Chapter Two by Treasure
Song lyrics as a form of art not only function as a medium of entertainment, but also as a means of emotional expression and effective cultural representation. This study aimed to identify the forms and analyze the meanings of metaphorical figurative language in the song lyrics of the album The Second Step: Chapter Two by TREASURE. A qualitative descriptive approach in linguistics was applied in this research. Data were collected using observing, recording, and note-taking techniques. For the analysis of metaphor types and meanings, Knowles and Moon's (2006) theoretical framework was utilized, in which three main components (vehicle, topic, and ground) were focused upon. Based on the results, 15 metaphorical data from the seven analyzed songs were found, which were classified into metonymy (5 data), personification (4 data), simile (3 data), and synesthesia (3 data). Metonymy was shown to be the most dominantly used metaphor, indicating that conceptual contiguity associations were utilized to convey implicit messages. Furthermore, code-mixing elements were also found within the metaphor constructions, which were used to serve crucial semantic functions for emphasis and semantic precision due to the lack of lexical equivalents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Ayu Lestari , Putu Dewi Merlyna Yuda Pramesti, Ni Nengah Suartini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi CTL untuk Meningkatkan Nilai-Nilai Hormat Berdasarkan Ajaran Kristen pada Siswa Kelas VI SD
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan penanaman nilai hormat dan taat berbasis ajaran Kristiani pada siswa kelas VI SD Kristen Lumasebu, Maluku, melalui penerapan model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dua siklus. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 18 siswa. Setiap siklus meliputi dua pertemuan yang diawali dengan penemuan nilai hormat dan taat dalam ajaran Kristiani, dilanjutkan dengan diskusi kelompok, pemodelan oleh guru, dan refleksi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi sikap dan tes hasil belajar, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam penerapan nilai hormat, yaitu dari rata-rata 63,9% pada siklus I menjadi 86,1% pada siklus II. Temuan ini menegaskan efektivitas model CTL dalam menginternalisasi nilai-nilai Kristiani, khususnya nilai hormat dan taat. Faktor keberhasilan utama adalah keteladanan guru dan pembiasaan nilai secara konsisten di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris bagi pengembangan pendidikan karakter berbasis nilai Kristiani di sekolah dasar, serta menyoroti pentingnya penerapan metode CTL dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK).
Copyright (c) 2026 Bernard Imsula, Ageng Triyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technology Innovation Management in Indonesian Language Learning Based on Digital Literacy
The importance of technology integration in learning has not been fully optimized due to weak managerial aspects in managing learning innovations. This study aims to analyze and develop the concept of managing technological innovation in Indonesian language learning based on digital literacy, thereby improving the quality of learning and students' literacy competencies in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the management of technological innovation in Indonesian language learning has been implemented through four main functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. Planning is carried out by integrating digital literacy into technology-based learning tools. Organization is supported by the availability of infrastructure, although there are still limitations in teacher competency in utilizing technology. The implementation of digital-based learning shows increased interactivity, student participation, and digital literacy skills, especially in understanding and producing texts. Digital-based evaluation through portfolios and projects also shows an increase in students' critical thinking skills. The conclusion of this study confirms that technological innovation management plays a significant role in improving the quality of Indonesian language learning based on digital literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sinta Dewi Ginoga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Canva Pada Pelajaran IPAS di Kelas III SDI Mutiara Islam Al Ittiba
This study aimed to describe the utilization of Canva as a learning medium in IPAS instruction and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation among third-grade students at SDI Mutiara Islam Al Ittiba’ Sangatta Utara. A qualitative descriptive field research design was employed, with data collected through classroom observation, semi-structured interviews with the vice principal for curriculum, two homeroom teachers, and selected students, as well as documentation of learning materials. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data trustworthiness was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings revealed that Canva was utilized across three main stages: planning, where teachers designed slides, student worksheets (LKPD), and happy notes tailored to students’ characteristics; implementation, where it served as a visual and interactive tool to present material and facilitate discussion; and evaluation, where it supported feedback through attractive notes. Supporting factors included adequate technological facilities, the user-friendly nature of Canva, school policy support, and students’ enthusiasm. In contrast, inhibiting factors comprised limited access to Canva Edu, unstable internet connections, insufficient supporting devices, time constraints in media preparation, and the tendency to use templates without sufficient pedagogical adaptation. Teachers addressed these challenges through adaptive strategies such as preparing backup media, downloading designs in advance, simplifying visual layouts. The study concludes that Canva effectively enhanced the concreteness and engagement of IPAS learning, although its optimal utilization requires stronger institutional support in infrastructure and continuous teacher professional development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wana Yanti, Anggra Prima, Jumrianah Jumrianah3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Word Writing Ability of Grade II Students at SD Kristen 1 Seira through the Application of Picture Media
The background of this research is the low writing ability of students, which is attributed to monotonous and less engaging teaching methods, thus necessitating innovative learning media. This study aims to improve word writing skills among second-grade students of SD Kristen 1 Seira, Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency through the application of picture media. The research adopts a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted over two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phases. The research subjects comprised 20 second-grade students, with data collected through observation and word writing tests. Data analysis employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches, with individual mastery criteria set at a minimum of 65% and class mastery at a minimum of 80%. The findings indicate a significant improvement: in the pre-action stage, class mastery was only 20% with an average score of 55.33; in the first cycle, it increased to 45% (average 64.33); and in the second cycle, it reached 90% (average 85.67). The implementation of picture media proved effective in enhancing students’ motivation, engagement, and word writing ability. The classroom atmosphere became more active and conducive, with teachers managing the class more effectively. In conclusion, picture media serves as an effective solution for improving word writing skills among second-grade students in settings with limited resources. This study recommends the adoption of picture media as an innovative strategy in basic literacy learning at elementary schools, particularly in underdeveloped, frontier, and outermost (3T) regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wasti Iyanleba, Ageng Triyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0