Legal Protection for Crime Victims in the Criminal Justice System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59525/rechtsvinding.v3i2.1021Keywords:
Legal protection, crime victims, criminal justice system, restorative justice, victims' rightsAbstract
Crime victims in the criminal justice system often face situations where their rights are inadequately protected, both procedurally and substantively. This article aims to analyze the legal protection mechanisms for crime victims in Indonesia, covering applicable regulations, judicial practices, and implementation challenges. The method used is normative juridical research through a literature study of legislation, legal doctrines, and previous research findings. The analysis shows that although Indonesia has established a legal framework such as the Law on Witness and Victim Protection (Law No. 13 of 2006 jo. Law No. 31 of 2014), the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), and other sectoral regulations, the realization of victim protection remains suboptimal. Victims often lack access to compensation, protection from intimidation, and psychological recovery services. Therefore, institutional strengthening, improved regulatory implementation, and the adoption of restorative justice approaches are needed to ensure more effective and equitable protection for victims.
References
Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative Justice & Responsive Regulation. Oxford University Press.
Clear, T. R., Reisig, M. D., & Cole, G. F. (2017). American Corrections (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608.
Gunawan, R. (2021). Evaluasi Implementasi LPSK di Tingkat Daerah. Jurnal Administrasi Hukum, 9(2), 120–135.
Hidayat, M. (2021). Keadilan Substantif dalam Perlindungan Hukum Korban Kejahatan. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 51(2), 345–362.
Hoyle, C. (2001). Victims’ Rights and Human Rights. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 9(2), 125–143.
Indonesia. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP).
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (Perubahan atas UU No.13 Tahun 2006).
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Jehle, J. L. (1995). Victim Participation in the Criminal Justice Process. Justice Quarterly, 12(2), 267–285.
Johnstone, G. (2002). Restorative Justice: Ideas, Values, Debates. Routledge.
Kadushin, A., & Kadushin, G. (1997). Victims in the Criminal Justice System: Rights and Services. Crime and Delinquency, 43(1), 76–92.
Karmen, A. (2012). Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Lacey, N. (2008). State Punishment: Political Principles and Community Values. Routledge.
Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK). (2022). Laporan Tahunan Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. Jakarta: LPSK.
Lutfiandi, A. (2021). Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Nasional, 18(1), 85–102.
Manus, R., Sambali, I. N., & Simbala, A. (2023). Perlindungan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia: Antara Regulasi dan Implementasi. Jurnal Kriminalistik, 10(1), 56–72.
Marbun, T. (2020). Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan. Jurnal HAM, 11(2), 210–226.
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2011). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Mulyani, S. (2021). Trauma Psikologis Korban Kekerasan Seksual dan Tantangan Pendampingan Hukum di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Forensik, 5(3), 119–134.
Nasution, F. (2022). Analisis Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Pencurian Kendaraan Bermotor di Polresta Padang. Jurnal Hukum dan Masyarakat, 8(2), 205–220.
Nugroho, B. (2022). Peran Psikolog Forensik dalam Penanganan Korban Kekerasan Seksual. Jurnal Psikologi Kriminal, 6(2), 88–101.
Prakoso, D. (2020). Efektivitas Restorative Justice dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Ringan. Jurnal Hukum Pidana, 12(1), 34–50.
Rahman, A. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Jurnal Hukum Internasional, 9(1), 32–47.
Roberts, J. V., & Stalans, L. J. (Eds.). (2004). Victims in the Criminal Justice System. Aldine Transaction.
Safitri, D. A. (2019). Pendekatan Restoratif terhadap Anak sebagai Pelaku dan Korban Tindak Pidana. Jurnal Perlindungan Anak, 4(2), 150–165.
Sari, M. P. (2021). Pemenuhan Hak Restitusi bagi Korban Kejahatan Seksual. Jurnal Hukum & Gender, 3(1), 77–89.
Sayudi, M. (2016). Kerugian Korban Kejahatan: Aspek Fisik, Psikologis, dan Materiil. Jurnal Victimology Indonesia, 3(1), 12–29.
Setiawan, H. (2023). Dinamika Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi & Hukum, 3(2), 98–113.
Simanjuntak, J. (2021). Akses Keadilan bagi Korban di Daerah Terpencil. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan Daerah, 5(3), 143–157.
Spalek, B. (2006). Victims of Crime: A New Deal? Palgrave Macmillan.
Tahir, I. (2019). Aspek Psikososial dalam Penanganan Korban Kejahatan Berat. Jurnal Sosiologi Hukum, 7(2), 99–114.
UNODC. (2006). Handbook on Justice for Victims. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Utami, N. (2022). Implementasi UU TPKS di Wilayah Perdesaan: Studi Kasus. Jurnal Hukum Gender, 6(1), 55–70.
Wahyuni, D. (2016). Tantangan Perlindungan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10(2), 180–198.
Walker, N., & Starmer, K. (1999). Justice for Victims and Offenders: A Restorative Response to Crime. Open University Press.
Widodo, S. (2020). Korban dan Kriminologi: Pendekatan Teoritis. Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, 8(1), 22–36.
Yulia, R. (2017). Posisi Korban dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana: Studi Kritis atas Hak dan Perlindungan. Jurnal Hukum & HAM, 38(1), 45–62.
Yuliana, M. (2020). Penanganan Trauma Kompleks pada Korban Kekerasan Seksual Anak. Jurnal Psikologi Anak, 2(1), 65–78.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rr. Ayu Azizah Winata

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



