Smart Learning in Elementary School: Professional Ethics of Teachers in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59525/gej.1402Keywords:
Cyberbullying, Online Behavior, Self-Control, University StudentsAbstract
Indonesia has gradually experienced growth in recent years, as reported by Katadata.co.id, where device usage reached 5.63 hours per day in 2020 and increased to 6.05 hours per day in 2023. His study aimed to examine the relationship between self-control and Cyberbullying behavior among university students in Aceh. A quantitative correlational design was employed. The participants consisted of 136 active university students aged 17–25 years. Data were collected using the Self-Control Scale and the Cyberbullying Scale, which had been adapted into Indonesian. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson Product Moment correlation after normality and linearity assumptions were met. The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between self-control and Cyberbullying behavior among students (r = −0.107; p = 0.214; p > 0.05). Most participants demonstrated moderate levels of self-control and low levels of Cyberbullying involvement. These findings suggest that self-control is not a predictor of Cyberbullying behavior among university students in Aceh. The results imply that Cyberbullying behavior in emerging adulthood may be more strongly influenced by other factors, such as social context, group norms, and cultural values. This study provides important implications for future research to explore broader psychosocial variables related to Cyberbullying in higher education settings.
References
Ahmed, M., & others. (2023). Alarming Increase in Electronic Gadget Usage among Students during a Layer of the Global Pandemic. European Journal of Technology. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejt.1533
Aloufan, M., & others. (2023). Cyberbullying and Its Impact on Self-Esteem and Emotional and Behavioral Problems among University Students in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study. Global Journal of Health Science, 16(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v16n1p36
Anastasya, N., Julistia, R., & Astuti, Y. (2023). Self-Control dan Perilaku Cyberbullying pada Remaja di Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi Dan Pendidikan, 8(1).
Annur, C. M. (2024, January). Durasi Penggunaan Ponsel di Indonesia Cenderung Meningkat Semenjak Pandemi. Databoks Katadata. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/147c4723c1d145f/durasi-penggunaan-ponsel-di-indonesia-cenderung-meningkat-semenjak-pandemi
Arafa, M. A., & Senosy, S. A. (2017). Pattern and Correlates of Cyberbullying Victimization among Egyptian University Students. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. https://doi.org/10.21608/epx.2018.8948
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191.
Brewer, G., & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, Self-Esteem, Empathy and Loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2021). A Meta-Analysis of Factors Predicting Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization: The Role of Self-Control across Developmental Stages. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58, 101611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101611
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
Damayanti, A. P., Alfiasari, & Islamiah, N. (2024). The effect of parental psychological control and self-control towards adolescents cyberbullying behavior. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 12(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v12i2.4520
de Ridder, D. T. D., de Boer, B. J., Lugtig, P., Bakker, A. B., & van Hooft, E. A. J. (2011). Not Doing Bad Things Is Not Equivalent to Doing the Right Thing: Distinguishing between Inhibitory and Initiatory Self-Control. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1006–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.015
Gohal, G., & others. (2023). Prevalence and Related Risks of Cyberbullying and Its Effects on Adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04542-0
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research among Youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
Kurugodiyavar, S., & others. (2017). Impact of Smartphone Use on Quality of Sleep among Medical Students. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175604
Lee, & others. (2023). Relationship Between Gadget Usage and the Mental Emotional State of Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Care Scholars. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v6i1.288
Li, H., Li, Y., & Zhang, W. (2023). Moral Disengagement, Self-Control, and Cyberbullying. Computers in Human Behavior, 139, 107510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107510
Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., & Inglés, C. J. (2022). Psychological Predictors of Cyberbullying in Emerging Adulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095342
Myrseth, K. O. R., & Fishbach, A. (2009). Self-Control: A Function of Knowing When and How to Exercise Restraint. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(4), 247–252.
Nadila, R., & Syam, H. M. (2018). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram terhadap Perilaku Cyberbullying pada Remaja. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP, 3(4). Retrieved from https://jim.usk.ac.id/fisip/article/view/9152
Nodeland, B., Morris, R. G., & Higgins, G. E. (2018). Low Self-Control and Cyber Offending. Deviant Behavior, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1410619
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell.
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2015). Measuring Cyberbullying: Implications for Research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69–74.
Peled, R. (2019). Cyberbullying and Its Influence on Academic, Social, and Emotional Development of Undergraduate Students. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393
Pusparisa, Y. (2020, September). Pengguna Smartphone Diperkirakan Mencapai 89% Populasi pada 2025. Databoks Katadata. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/bdbf32de49a325c/pengguna-smartphone-diperkirakan-mencapai-89-populasi-pada-2025
Putri, & Arham. (2024). The Influence of Gadgets on EFL Student’s Desire to Learn: Transcending the Digital Realm. Research and Innovation in Applied Linguistics – Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.31963/rial.v2i2.4655
Rachmatan, R., & Ayunizar, S. R. (2017). Cyberbullying pada Remaja SMA di Banda Aceh. Insight, 13(2), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.32528/ins.v13i2.811
Rashid, M., & others. (2021). Prevalence and Impact of the Use of Electronic Gadgets on the Health of Children in Secondary Schools in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Science Reports. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.388
Saraswati, K. D. H., Chandhika, J., & Lie, D. (2021). PENELUSURAN MINAT BAKAT UNTUK SISWA SMA SK DI JAKARTA BARAT. Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.24912/jbmi.v3i2.9461
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its Nature and Impact in Secondary School Pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High Self-Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Vazsonyi, A. T., & others. (2011). Cyberbullying in Context: Direct and Indirect Effects of Low Self-Control across Cultures. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(8), 1038–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9680-8
Wachs, S., & Wright, M. F. (2023). Moral disengagement, self-control and callous-unemotional traits as predictors of cyberbullying: A moderated mediation model. BMC Psychology, 11, 247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01287-z
Willard, N. E. (2007). Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats. Research Press.
Zhao, L., & Yu, J. (2021). A meta-analytic review of moral disengagement and cyberbullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 681299. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681299
Zuhra, U., & Sari, K. (2017). Hubungan Kontrol Sosial Sekolah dengan Perilaku Cyberbullying pada Siswa SMA di Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP, 2(2). Retrieved from https://jim.usk.ac.id/fisip/article/view/3014
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Heru Siddik Nugroho

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



